Featured species:  those @#%$$%@#$&^!! geese again! 

Large, high-altitude flocks of Canada Geese are passing through over the next half-month.  These are mostly the Northern subspecies of the Canada Goose, Branta Canadensis interior (see Late October for a discussion of Goose subspecies). 

Unlike our Giant subspecies, these birds have declined in population, only recently stabilizing at a fairly low level (roughly 100,000 birds).  This has been mirrored by a rise in the population of Giants, and may be caused in part by increasing numbers of Giants flying up to James Bay to moult, and competing with the nesting Northerns and their goslings for scarce food.  This has been exacerbated by the destruction of salt marsh habitat by large numbers of Snow Geese, on the increase because of heightened food production in the U.S. Midwest.  Everything is connected.

Other happenings:

• Bank and Cliff Swallows may have joined the Tree Swallows in competition for all those midges.

• Other late April arrivals include Broad-winged hawks, Chimney Swifts and Eastern Towhee, while many of the diving ducks are departing for northern breeding grounds (Common Goldeneye, Ring-necked Duck, Bufflehead, Common Merganser).

• Both Woodcock and Wilson’s (or Common) Snipe males are putting on their dramatic flight displays.  Here’s a good video of Woodcock on the ground, and one of the Snipe flight with a bit of the winnowing sound created by the tail feathers.  Woodcock flight sounds are here (scroll down), along with an aerial display.                                                                         

  Say it with a Song has students become familiar with some common birdsongs and their meanings.

• Any dragonflies that you are likely to see will be migrant Common Green Darners, pushed north on warm southern winds (if any...). 

• Turtles and Eastern Garter Snakes emerge from their winter sleep.  Male snakes are first on the scene, waiting for receptive females.  When one appears, males fall on her in a writhing mass, but only one lucky male gets to impregnate her, leaving behind a plug of gelatine in her vent.

• In a normal year, Leopard and Pickerel (a bit later) Frogs join the amphibian chorus in nearby ponds and wetlands.  Keep an ear out.

• Northern Pike move into weedy shallows and flooded marshes to spawn (at 4 – 11^oC), followed soon after by Muskellunge (9 – 15^oC).  Both fish are easily visible by foot or canoe.

• When the thermometer breaks 15^oC, keep an eye out for butterflies that have over wintered as adults, including the Mourning Cloak, Eastern Comma and Compton Tortoiseshell.  With very few flowers available, these insects are attracted by tree sap, which is often provided by fresh sapsucker holes (scroll down). 

• Other flowers are joining Coltsfoot and Marsh Marigold in bloom, including Bloodroot, Spring Beauty, hepaticas, Blue Cohosh (a bit later) and Dutchman’s Breeches (also a bit later).  Look for violets in gardens and early Common Dandelions.  

• Just as they were the last to drop their leaves, city-bred, non-native trees are often the first to leaf out.  Check the buds on Norway Maples and other introduced species.  Among natives, Red-berried Elder is among the first to leaf.                                                           

  Find wellness and mindfulness with time in nature, or “vitamin N”, while also learning about local trees in your backyard and their historical uses.

• Farmers are out in the fields, and if conditions are dry enough, will begin to plant hard corn, oats and spring wheat by the end of the month.